Procedimiento y Diseño Automatizado de Voladuras para la Explotación de Préstamos de Tierra y/o Rocas
Fecha
2019-06
Autores
Ramírez Caraballo, Jesús Alberto
Medina Sánchez, Ernesto Antonio
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Resumen
La actividad de explotación de préstamos es fundamental para la construcción de obras de ingenierías como las explanadas, terraplenes y pedraplenes. Para ello comúnmente, se emplean métodos y técnicas de voladuras a cielo abierto que permiten extraer el material deseado de acuerdo a la granulometría especificada. Estas técnicas de explotación de préstamos en nuestro país no se encuentran descritas en ninguna normativa, lo que da lugar en muchas ocasiones a que se ejecuten procesos ineficientes en estos trabajos, generando en muchos casos, gastos excesivos en sustancia explosiva, sobredimensionamiento del material volado, apariciones de lomos, taludes inestables y grandes niveles de vibraciones y polvo, ocasionando elevados costos de producción y considerables daños medioambientales. Con el objetivo de minimizar estos aspectos indeseables mencionados con anterioridad, así como facilitar una guía metodológica basada en las buenas prácticas latinoamericanas en estos tipos de escenarios constructivos, se confecciona esta ponencia, que facilita un proceso de cálculo de manera automatizada de las voladuras, evaluar las mismas y en caso de que sea necesario obtener un grupo de medidas de corrección y ajuste para tiros futuros. Se aplican metodologías especificadas en el Manual de Diseño de ULAEX y de EXSA, empleando métodos de programación en el software Mathcad 14.0.
The activity of explotation of loans is fundamental for the construction of works of engineerings like the esplanades and embankments. For it commonly, they use methods and techniques of open-cast blowing-ups that they enable extracting the material desired according to the specified classification by size of particles. These techniques of exploitation of loans at country do not find described in no ground rules, that makes room in many instances to that they execute inefficient processes in these works, generating in many instances, excessive expenses in explosive substance, over-sizing of the flown material, appearings of loins, unstable slopes and big levels of vibrations and dust, causing lofty production costs and considerable environmental damages. For the sake of minimizing these undesirable aspects mentioned beforehand, as well as making a guide easy metodológica based in the good Latin American practices in these types of constructive scenes, this postulate, that makes easy a process of calculation of way automatized of the blowing-ups, manufactures to evaluate itself them same and in the event it be necessary to get a group from measures of correction and adjustment for future throws. Methodologies specified in Desing Manual of ULAEX and of EXSA, using programming methods in the software apply over themselves Mathcad 14,0.
The activity of explotation of loans is fundamental for the construction of works of engineerings like the esplanades and embankments. For it commonly, they use methods and techniques of open-cast blowing-ups that they enable extracting the material desired according to the specified classification by size of particles. These techniques of exploitation of loans at country do not find described in no ground rules, that makes room in many instances to that they execute inefficient processes in these works, generating in many instances, excessive expenses in explosive substance, over-sizing of the flown material, appearings of loins, unstable slopes and big levels of vibrations and dust, causing lofty production costs and considerable environmental damages. For the sake of minimizing these undesirable aspects mentioned beforehand, as well as making a guide easy metodológica based in the good Latin American practices in these types of constructive scenes, this postulate, that makes easy a process of calculation of way automatized of the blowing-ups, manufactures to evaluate itself them same and in the event it be necessary to get a group from measures of correction and adjustment for future throws. Methodologies specified in Desing Manual of ULAEX and of EXSA, using programming methods in the software apply over themselves Mathcad 14,0.
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Línea de Menor Resistencia, Carga Explosiva, Escalón, Proyección